How rough and messy linen is processed into pieces of art!

1. Prepare flax raw materials

1. Flax, also known as flax, is an annual herb. Flax fiber is the main raw material for high-grade linen spinning. Its fiber strength is 6.5 times that of cotton and 4 times that of wool. It is known as the “Queen of Fibers”.

2. Preliminary processing of flax fiber: The flax stems are specially processed to separate the cellulose material in the bast layer from its surrounding tissue to obtain useful textile fibers. The processed flax is commonly known as flax.

3. The raw material used in the flax textile factory is beaten hemp. The beaten hemp entering the factory has its place of origin and hemp number. Hemp numbers are generally divided into numbers 10-22. The higher the number, the better the quality of the hemp.

2. Combing linen technology

1. Splitting

Divide the beaten hemp into small bundles of a certain weight to suit the feeding requirements of the combing machine. This process requires manual operation. When splitting, in addition to sorting out the flax that does not meet the quality requirements according to color, it is also necessary to ensure that the diameter of the split bundles of the flax is maintained in the range of 2.6cm-2.8cm.

2. Feed hemp

Transfer a certain number of small hemp bundles to the hemp feeder sitting on the combing machine, and the hemp feeder will uniformly feed the hemp into the combing machine. According to the process requirements, each hemp clamp of the combing machine needs to feed two bunches of hemp. When feeding hemp, spread the hemp evenly and have an accurate width. When feeding hemp, there should be no uneven roots.Elephant, it is not allowed to feed hemp in single bundles or in multiple bundles.

3. Comb

The flax combing machine is a machine mainly used for carding. According to the steel needle acting on the fiber, one end of the fiber is held and the other end is carded by the steel needle. The combing machine combs the bundled flax to comb out long and neat long flax with few impurities and short machine-made flax with large impurities, disordered fibers and uneven fibers. This process is mainly to further split the beaten hemp into finer craft fibers and remove some impurities that cannot be spun, such as hemp scraps. Change the fiber state and structure of flax.

4. Number selection

After the beaten flax is combed by the comb carding machine, the long flax is output at different positions at the same end of the flax feeding machine. The output long linen is picked by the number selector according to the process requirements, with both hands, one bundle is placed on the shoulders, and the other is twisted tightly. Bundling is not allowed. The picker must sort out the unqualified hemp bundles such as oily hemp, lumpy hemp that cannot be combed through, and hemp grass, hemp shavings, etc. from the output long hemp. At the same time, the number selector must inspect the operation of the left and right hemp clamps during operation to ensure that the work is carried out smoothly and orderly. Six bundles of combed long linen are made into a bundle, which are sorted by the turner and stored in bundles in the warehouse.

5. Humidification and maintenance

The long linen and short linen combed by the combing machine are stored in different warehouses for humidification and maintenance. Humidification maintenance is mainly to humidify and maintain the fiber and give the fiber a certain amount of emulsion. The emulsion is generally composed of 1% M80 emulsified oil, 3% No. 7 mechanical oil, and 96% water. You can also use a special linen humidifier. Then use high-pressure spray equipment to humidify the long and short flax layer by layer. In order to improve the combing rate of the combing machine and reduce the lint loss. After the fiber is humidified, the oil and water obtained in each part of the fiber are uneven. For this reason, it must be maintained. Cover the hemp pile with nylon cloth and leave it for no less than 24 hours, so that the emulsion can fully penetrate into the middle of the fiber, so as to prepare for long hemp woolen spinning.

3. Textile technology of long linen roving

1. Into strips

The quality of long linen and short linen is different, so their roving spinning process is also different. Let us first understand the long linen roving spinning process. The first is the long linen strip forming process. The strip forming process is to comb and draw the long linen that has been humidified and maintained through manual feeding to make even linen strips with a certain count. In this process, the strip-turner first divides the long linen into small uniform bundles of linen strips. Then the front hand grasps the linen bundle, and the back hand grasps the head-to-head distance. The front hand brings the hemp tip to the head, holds the linen strips, and the back hand moves backward. Smooth out the linen strips to make the surface of the linen strips smooth and the fibers straight. The flax strips are carded and drawn by the strip making machine, and the extraction mechanism of the strip making machine outputs the flax strips that meet the quality to the flax strip barrel to facilitate transportation. The strip forming process is mainly to ensure the uniformity, length and weight of the linen strips to meet the standard, and to eliminate stuck, dusty and messy linen strips.

2. Drawing

The striped hemp bundles are transported to the pre-spinning workshop for the drawing process. The working workshop for the drawing process has certain requirements for temperature and humidity. The humidity in the workshop is maintained at 70–75%, and the temperature is maintained at 23-26°C. The drawing process is to stack two or more linen strips along their lengths to form a whole.The fibers further straighten in parallel, reducing the uneven length of the hemp strips. Complete the elongation and thinning of the linen strips to achieve the thickness required for spinning and improve the structural uniformity of the linen strips. The fibers are further split and combed to remove impurities and unspinnable fibers to produce uniform linen strips that meet the process requirements for use in the next process.

3. Long linen roving textile

The linen strips are made into linen strips that meet the process requirements through four drawing processes, and then enter the roving spinning process. The roving spinning process mainly involves drawing, carding, twisting and forming the drawn linen strips. In the traction area, the hemp strips are lengthened and thinned. Then the hemp strips enter the twisting mechanism of the roving machine to twist the extracted strips by machine and wind them on the corner tube according to a certain rule to facilitate transportation and management.

4. Short linen roving textile technology

1. Joint comb

Short linen contains large impurities, disordered fibers, and poor length uniformity, so its process is different from that of long linen.

The lathe operator lays the short linen flat at the input port of the combined carding machine to a thickness of about 15cm, and the machine automatically rolls it in. The short linen is combed by the combined carding machine to remove impurities and short lint, and is made into a sliver with a certain count. Uniform hemp strips with a certain strength. The short linen strips are held in a linen strip bucket at the outlet of the joint carding machine. The operator stores the filled hemp buckets in a fixed location for use in the next process as required.

2. Cut again

The jointly carded short linen strips are transported to the pre-spinning workshop. Use a re-cutting machine to re-cut. The function of re-cutting is to break the ultra-long fibers to ensure the carding quality of the combing machine, so that the combed linen net is clear and the fibers overlap well. Re-cutting also has the function of merging the linen strips. Reduce the effect of uneven length of linen strips.

3. Needle comb

The re-cut linen strips are combed by a needle combing machine. The linen strips need to be needle combed twice. The needle combing mainly combines, drafts, combs and removes impurities from the linen strips to make a certain count and uniform strips. Linen strips for use in the combing process.

4. Combing

The short linen strips combed through the needle combing process are combed with a combing machine. The linen strips need to go through two combing processes. Combing is mainly to remove the hemp scraps, impurities and unqualified short fibers in the linen strips to make them The fibers straighten in parallel and are evenly mixed, improving product uniformity and achieving the purpose of spinning.

5. Needle comb again

Needle combing is to pass the combed linen strips through a needle combing machine to combine, draft, comb and remove impurities to make linen strips with a certain count and uniform dryness suitable for roving textiles. Short linen needs to go through four needle combing processes before it can provide high-quality linen strips for roving textiles.

4. Short linen roving textile

Short linen is made into linen strips with a certain count and uniform stemness after joint combing, re-cutting, two needle combings, two combings, and four needle combing processes. Short linen strips use a short linen roving frame, while long linen uses a long linen roving frame. The main difference between the two machines is the needle plate in the drafting part. The needle plate of the short linen roving machine is shorter than that of the long linen roving machine. The short linen roving spun out is stronger, tougher, and thicker than the long linen roving. Low quality. Application areas of long linen and short linen spinning depending on qualityNot the same either.

5. Roving boiling and bleaching process

Short linen roving and long linen roving must be boiled and bleached before entering the next fine yarn wet spinning process. Let us first understand roving bleaching. Roving bleaching is a process that uses chemical processing to partially or completely remove impurities in flax fibers. The boiling and bleaching process is divided into five steps: the first step is pickling, the second step is sub-bleaching, the third step is water washing, the fourth step is oxygen bleaching, and the fifth step is water washing again.

After the oxygen bleaching is completed, the only remaining step of the boiling and bleaching process is water washing. Use cold water and hot water to wash once. The hot water temperature should be kept at about 40°C. Each washing time should be between 10-15 minutes. After all the boiling and bleaching steps are completed, Open the high-pressure mixing bowl, and the original earthy-colored roving turns into pure white roving, each piece is like a work of art.

This process improves the working conditions in the wet spinning workshop. The cleanliness of the roving after scouring is improved, the fiber strength is improved, and the structure is improved, which is beneficial to reducing end-breaks in the spinning frame. Because the improvement of cleanliness provides conditions for speeding up the spinning machine. Generally, the spindle speed can be increased by 10-20%. The boiling and bleaching process reduces the entire spinning process route. Due to the adoption of the boiling and bleaching process, the material usage coefficient is increased by 5-8%. After boiling and bleaching, the pure and white roving will enter the next process.

6. Wet spinning process of flax yarn

The spinning wet spinning process is to spin the semi-finished long linen roving and short linen roving from the previous process through the three major mechanisms of drafting, twisting and winding of different spinning machines, and spin them into products with a certain thickness and strength that comply with the national standards. Quality standard spun yarn.

In the process of wet spinning of spun yarn, the main task of the spun yarn stopper is to splice the yarn so that the yarn can be produced continuously. Reduce broken ends, reduce defective products, increase output and quality, and improve labor productivity. The spinning machine operator always pays attention to the machine he is responsible for, constantly inspects the machine, ensures the machine is clean, and regularly maintains the spinning machine to ensure normal operation.

7. Drying

The spun yarn bundled up and down on the flax wet spinning machine contains approximately 100% moisture. Even after being wound and tightened, the moisture content of the spun yarn still accounts for 60-70%. In this way, the wet spun yarn cannot be used in the next process. For this reason, it must be The wet-spun spun yarn is dried to ensure that the moisture content of the spun yarn is within the factory-specified moisture content. Dry the wet spun yarn using a dryer. Generally, the working parameters of the dryer are controlled in the temperature range of drying humidity of 95-100 degrees to ensure the elasticity and strength of the yarn. Drying pressure: 2.5-3.5mpa. The drying time is not less than 6 hours and moisture is required to be released every hour. Each time is 10 minutes.

8. Winding technology

The winding process connects the bobbins of limited length sent from the spinning department according to process requirements. Connected into a certain shape of tube, it is convenient for use, storage and transportation in the next process. The spun yarn passes through the yarn clearing tension device to remove yarn defects, impurities and weak links to improve yarn quality. The yarn will often break during winding. The winding operator will find it immediately and perform splicing. The splicing method first straightens the yarn, then holds both ends of the yarn, cuts the yarn at an appropriate distance, and cuts the yarn at an appropriate distance.Place the yarn end of the right hand at the bottom of the yarn end of the left hand, start winding from the beginning and complete the required number of pieces in one minute. The splicing yarn tail is controlled between 3-6mm, the knot is small, solid and wear-resistant, the end is short, and the knot does not come off.

9. Packaging process

The packaging process is to trim the cones from the winding process. After trimming, meshing, overlapping and other poorly formed cones, they are all trimmed to meet the relevant standards, and the colors are selected, and then packaged according to the specified weight for transportation and storage.