Although there are a wide range of outdoor sports, professional outdoor sports clothing such as assault suits are mainly for mountaineering, skiing and other high-cold sports. In addition to the physical and skill requirements of the participants, outdoor sports also require outdoor clothing that can adapt to harsh weather and complex geographical environments to ensure the personal safety of the athletes.
Although there is no essential difference between outdoor sports clothing and home clothing, due to the two characteristics of outdoor and sports, the requirements for clothing are relatively strict and demanding: outdoor sports generate a lot of heat and sweat evaporates a lot. Clothing is required to dissipate heat and be breathable Good performance It is inevitable to encounter wind, rain, snow and fog in the wild. Clothing must have a certain degree of waterproof performance for outdoor sports. In order to reduce the load as much as possible, the clothing should be as light as possible. The wind is strong in the wild and the mountains are cold, and the requirements for windproof and warm performance are high. Outdoor washing conditions are limited, and the clothing must be antibacterial, deodorant and High requirements for anti-fouling properties.
For field work, rock climbing and forest walking, clothing requires good stretch resistance and tear resistance… These performance requirements are very demanding from the perspective of textile technology, and many indicators are even mutually exclusive. Resistant. No single natural or chemical fiber can meet these requirements. These functions can only be achieved through the combination of multiple fibers and multi-channel chemical finishing.
1. Warmth retention:
Although warmth retention is closely related to fabric thickness, outdoor sports do not allow clothing to be too heavy, so it must be both warm and light to be suitable for outdoor sports. Special requirements for clothing. A common method is to add special ceramic powder containing chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc. to the spinning solution of synthetic fibers such as polyester, especially nano-scale fine ceramic powder, which can absorb visible light such as sunlight and convert it into heat energy. , and can also reflect the far-infrared rays emitted by the human body itself, so it has excellent thermal insulation and heat storage properties. Of course, far-infrared ceramic powder, adhesive and cross-linking agent can also be formulated as a finishing agent, and the woven fabric can be coated, and then dried and baked to make the nano-ceramic powder adhere to the fabric surface and yarns. between. This finishing agent emits far-infrared rays with a wavelength of 8 to 14 μm, and also has health-care functions such as antibacterial, deodorizing, and promoting blood circulation.
In addition, based on the principle of bionics and referring to the structure of polar bear hair, the polyester fiber is made into a porous hollow shape inside, so that the fiber contains a large amount of stagnant air, and the outside is made into a spiral curl shape to maintain fluffiness. It can play a good thermal insulation role while ensuring a light texture. Of course, making clothes or even fabrics into double or even triple layers to increase the stagnant air layer is also one of the traditional measures to keep warm.
2. Waterproof and moisture permeability:
Sports will emit a lot of sweat, and it is inevitable to encounter wind and rain outdoors. This is a contradiction in itself: it must be able to prevent rain and snow from soaking, and it must be able to prevent rain and snow from getting wet. It is necessary to discharge the sweat emitted by the body in a timely manner. Fortunately, the human body emits water vapor in a single molecule state, while rain and snow are in an aggregated state.Liquid water droplets vary widely in size. In addition, liquid water has a characteristic called surface tension, which is the characteristic of gathering its own volume. The water we see on the lotus leaf is in the form of granular water drops rather than flat water stains. This is Because there is a layer of waxy hair tissue on the surface of the lotus leaf, water droplets cannot spread and penetrate on this layer of waxy hairs due to surface tension. If you dissolve a drop of detergent or washing powder into a water droplet, since the detergent can greatly reduce the surface tension of the liquid, the water droplets will immediately disintegrate and spread out on the lotus leaf. Waterproof and breathable clothing takes advantage of the surface tension characteristics of water and coats the fabric with a layer of PTFE (which has the same chemical composition but different physical structure as polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, the “king of corrosion-resistant fibers”) to enhance the surface tension of the fabric. The chemical coating makes the water droplets tighten as much as possible without spreading and infiltrating the surface of the fabric, making it impossible to penetrate the pores in the fabric tissue. At the same time, this coating is porous, and single-molecule water vapor can smoothly penetrate the capillary pores between fibers and emit to the surface of the fabric.
If you stop to rest in the wild after performing a large amount of exercise, it is possible that water droplets will form on the inner layer of the clothes due to the low outside temperature and the inability of sweat to escape in time, making people feel very uncomfortable. It feels like this is the so-called “condensation” phenomenon. There is a special moisture permeability finishing process called “low condensation”. It uses polyurethane (PU) and hydrophilic nano-ceramic powder to coat the fabric and absorb it when the body evaporates a large amount of sweat. This prevents the water vapor inside the clothes from exceeding the saturation vapor pressure and converting into water droplets.
In addition to finding ways to work with fibers and coatings, the fabric structure can also be used to absorb moisture and sweat as much as possible. For example, a double-layer tissue structure is used. The inner layer of the body is made of hydrophobic fibers, while the outer layer is made of hydrophilic fibers. In this way, sweat can be transferred from the skin to the inner fibers by capillary action, and then due to the hydrophilicity of the outer layer. The binding force between fibers and water molecules is stronger than the hydrophobic fibers in the inner layer, and the water molecules are transferred from the inner layer of the fabric to the outer layer again, and then dispersed into the atmosphere.
3. Antibacterial and anti-odor properties:
Due to the characteristics of exercise, sweat and sebaceous glands are secreted in large quantities. In outdoor conditions, it is impossible to change clothes frequently. In a suitable temperature and humidity environment, microorganisms will multiply in large numbers, causing people to emit an unpleasant odor and cause itching. Therefore, regular outdoor sportswear is finished with antibacterial and deodorizing chemicals. The finishing method is generally to fix organic quaternary ammonium and imidazoline surfactants with bactericidal effect or heavy metal ions such as silver and copper on the fiber through resin and cross-linking agent to make it have certain washing resistance. Of course, an important principle when choosing a fungicide must be non-toxic or low toxicity, otherwise it will be a waste of time. In recent years, Japan has done a lot of research on natural antibacterial finishing agents. For example, it uses aromatic oil extracts with bactericidal effects such as aloe vera, mugwort leaf, eucalyptus leaf, rose flower, etc., and coats them inPorous organic microcapsules or porous ceramic powder are attached to the fabric and cross-linked with resin. The bactericide is slowly released through mechanical effects such as friction and accumulation to achieve the purpose of durable antibacterial finishing. This type of natural antibacterial agent is not only non-toxic and harmless, but also has certain health care functions. It should be the development direction of antibacterial finishing. However, because the means of fixing antibacterial agents are currently very limited, the antibacterial properties are not good enough for washing. The antibacterial performance decreases every time it is washed, and usually disappears completely after dozens of times.
Sterilizes others through chemical action to achieve permanent antibacterial effect .
4. Anti-fouling and easy decontamination:
Outdoor sports often involve walking in muddy and humid mountains and forests. It is inevitable that clothes will get dirty, which requires clothing. The appearance should be as difficult as possible to be stained by stains, and once stained, it should be easy to wash and remove. It changes the surface properties of the fiber and greatly increases the surface tension of the fabric, making it difficult for oil and other stains to penetrate into the interior of the fabric. Slight stains can be removed by wiping with a damp cloth, and heavier stains are also easy to clean. Anti-fouling finishing can not only prevent oil pollution, but also has waterproof and moisture-permeable properties. It is generally called “three-proof finishing” (water-repellent, oil-repellent, and anti-fouling). It is a relatively practical and effective advanced chemical finishing method. It is often used in the outer layer of clothing and the fabric finishing of backpacks, shoes and tents.
5. Anti-static and anti-radiation finishing
Mountaineering is the core content of outdoor sports. In addition to the original dense forests, the high mountain plateau areas with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters have low air pressure and easy to absorb moisture. Volatile, the environment is generally relatively dry, and outdoor clothing is basically made of chemical fiber fabrics, so the problem of static electricity is more prominent. The harm of static electricity is generally manifested in that clothes are prone to fluffing and pilling, are easily contaminated with dust and dirt, and feel electric shock and stickiness when close to the skin, etc. If you carry precision electronic instruments such as electronic compasses, altitude meters, GPS navigators, etc., they may be interfered by static electricity from clothing and cause errors, which may lead to serious consequences.
Any objects rubbing against each other may generate static electricity, but only dry insulating objects can accumulate static electricity and cause harm. Therefore, good antistatic fabrics are of course made of natural fibers. However, as mentioned above, pure natural fibers are difficult to meet the special requirements of outdoor sports, and even natural fibers will deteriorate due to lack of water molecules in very dry environments. Static electricity occurs. There are two main methods for antistatic finishing of fabrics: First, simply weave metal wires into the fabric to make a conductive fabric (which is also an electromagnetic wave shielding fabric and a radiation-proof fabric), so that the static electricity generated by friction can be conducted and dissipated to the outside world in a timely manner. . However, this kind of fabric is not suitable for sportswear, mainly because of its poor softness.Not comfortable enough. Another method is to use hygroscopic antistatic agents such as block polyether and polyacrylate to coat the surface of the fabric with a chemical film that can absorb water molecules, forming a continuous conductive water film on the surface of the fabric. Dissipate static electricity.
Due to the relative thinning of the atmosphere in high-altitude areas, the blocking and filtering effect on ultraviolet rays is greatly reduced, and the intensity of ultraviolet rays is much higher than that in low-altitude areas. Ultraviolet rays can effectively promote the production of vitamins and have a bactericidal effect, but excessive exposure can cause damage to human skin. The penetrating power of ultraviolet rays is very strong, and ordinary fiber fabrics cannot completely shield its irradiation. Use resin to combine ultraviolet shielding agents such as nanoscale inorganic titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nanozinc oxide (ZnO) and organic ultraviolet absorbers such as salicylic acid, cyanoacrylate, benzophenone, and benzotriazole. The cross-linking method is fixed on the fabric, which can play a certain role in radiation protection. It can be said that outdoor sportswear represents the new cutting-edge technology in the development of today’s textile science. This is also an important reason why a seemingly inconspicuous mountaineering jacket or jacket can easily cost hundreds, thousands or even thousands of dollars (of course, this is not excluded) Factors such as brand value and functional style). Although the price is indeed not low, a set of professional outdoor sportswear that integrates windproof, breathable, moisture-proof, warm, radiation-proof and other properties may sometimes have the same meaning as life for a climber! However, due to the diversity, complexity and unpredictability of outdoor sports, the functions of clothing may have many completely different requirements depending on the environment and movement methods. Therefore, as far as current science and technology are concerned, outdoor sports clothing The overall performance is still difficult to achieve perfection in every aspect.
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