(1)Gasoline Spot
Appearance: It mostly occurs on E/R blended fabrics. After dyeing, there are oil droplet-shaped spots, which are slightly darker than the normal area. Observe with a magnifying glass, the tips of the piles in the dark-colored areas of the fabric appear to be tiny beads, and there are more piles than the normal areas.
Cause: This is caused by uneven singeing. In the heavily dyed areas, the plush cannot be fully burned out and becomes a melted mass at the tip. The color absorption is strong, so the dyeing is thicker. .
(2) Fuzz, Nap
Appearance: The fabric after dyeing and finishing still has a slight plush on the surface, which is different from the color of the cloth grain.
Reasons: 1). The singeing is not sufficient and the hairiness on the cloth surface is not completely burned out. 2). When dyeing using a liquid flow dyeing machine, the jet from the nozzle is too strong.
(3) Inperfect Penetration Of Dye Appearance: The dyed cloth surface appears in the shape of dark and light clouds.
Causes: 1). Insufficient desizing and seminal slurry, or wax and other substances removed after processing are attached to the fabric. 2). During bath dyeing, the bath ratio is too small and the heating rate is too fast, causing the dyeing liquid to gel.
And adhere to the surface of the fabric. There are irregular flaky yellow marks on the cloth surface. If you scratch it lightly with your fingernail, short lint and debris will fall off.
Cause: 1). Refining agent is easy to condense at room temperature. 2). When refining in a refining kettle, the water washing is not sufficient or the washing temperature is low. 3). In continuous refining, there are sediments accumulated in the refining chamber, or there is too much foam in the refining tank and the roller surface is unclean.
holes.
Cause: There is rust on the cloth, or the water in the bleaching bath contains iron ions. During the bleaching process of the cloth, it rapidly oxidizes with hydrogen peroxide and causes the yarn to break.
(6)Skilteriness
Appearance: The cloth surface has irregular flakes of different shades of color.
Cause: The desizing and refining of the pre-treatment project were not completely completed.
NoneSet rules.
Causes: 1). The fabric to be dyed was splashed with sewage or other chemicals. 2). If the fabric is not dried immediately after bleaching and is accumulated on the cloth cart for a long time, some fabrics will have air-drying watermarks. 3). The embryo cloth is stained with oil, and the traces left after scrubbing with a strong detergent during embryo inspection.
(8) Color difference
Appearance: For dyed or printed fabrics, the color of the finished product or the color of the printed pattern may not be exactly the same as the specified one.
Reasons: 1). The sample used for the specified color sample is too small, and the color matching after proofing cannot be exactly the same. 2). When preparing dyeing liquid or printing paste, weighing dyes and auxiliaries is not accurate enough. 3). The manufacturing process and sampling conditions did not fully match, and no empirical corrections were made.
Cause: Although each cylinder has the same type, its functions will be slightly different. In the dyeing process, the conditions of each operation are not the same.
(10)Yin and yang color
Appearance: dyed full-width fabric, there is a color difference between the front and back sides.
Reasons: 1). The press-dyeing roller comes out of the edge of the cloth, and the traveling direction of the cloth is not in the same plane as the suction line. 2). When pre-drying after press dyeing, the heat received by both sides of the fabric is different. 3). During resin processing, the wind speeds experienced by both sides of the fabric are different.
(22) Left and right color difference
Appearance: The color of the full-width fabric gradually becomes darker or lighter from the left edge to the right edge. Comparing the two fabric edges, there is a significant difference in color.
Causes: 1). The suction rate of the roller of the dyeing machine gradually becomes larger or smaller from left to right. 2). The printing roller roller or roller outline is poorly engraved or made. 3). The pressure on the left and right sides of the printing roller or steel roller varies. 4). During pre-drying, color fixing or resin processing, the temperature or wind speed in the left and right sides of the box is different.
(12) Medium thin, medium thick (Listing)
Appearance: There is a difference in the color of the fabric near the edge and near the center.
Reasons: 1). In the open-width cross-winding dyeing machine, the curvature of the spreading device is inappropriate, causing the cloth to absorb dye liquor at an inconsistent rate. The temperature in the dye bath is inconsistent at both ends and in the center. Adding new dye solution is uneven. 2). In liquid flow dyeing machines, the fabric circulation speed is slow and the heating rate is fast. 3). In the open-width continuous dyeing machine, the suction rate at the center of the roller is inconsistent with that at both ends. During drying, the temperature and wind speed are not uniform at both ends and in the center. During the continuous dyeing process, the tension on the cloth body is uneven. 4).beforeThe center of the fabric formed during processing is inconsistent with the two sides. 5). When roller or roller printing is performed, the center of the pressure applied is inconsistent with the two ends. 6). The resin is not processed immediately after dyeing, or the resin is not completely dried after application, causing accumulation for a long time.
(13) Tailing of Ending
Appearance: A group of fabrics containing several or dozens of pieces, after continuous dyeing under the same set conditions, begins The color is different from that of the cloth dyed at the end.
Reasons: 1). During the pre-treatment process, a batch of fabrics undergoes differences such as desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization, and shaping. 2). During open-width cross-roll dyeing, the dyeing rate of the dye combination used is inconsistent, the cloth guide and rolling method are inappropriate, the dye is added incorrectly, and the dyeing temperature is improperly controlled, all of which will cause color difference between the first and last. 3). During continuous dyeing, the suction rate changes, the stability of the dyeing solution is poor, and the temperature during drying gradually changes. 4). If the compatibility between dyes and additives used together is poor, uneven layers of dye particles and water will occur. Due to capillary action, water first enters the fiber, causing the concentration of the dye solution to change, resulting in color difference between the beginning and the end. 5). When using ice dye for dyeing, the dye will gradually hydrolyze during the long-term dyeing process, which will also cause color difference between the beginning and the end.
(14)Migration
Appearance: When the dyed fabric is dried, the water contained in the fabric evaporates, and the dye moves with the water to the fabric. The surface changes the color tone of the fabric surface.
Reasons: 1). The pressure suction rate set during pressure dyeing is too large. 2). When preparing the dye solution, too much dye is used, that is, the concentration of the dye solution is too high. 3). Leave it for too long after dyeing and before drying. 4). The drying speed is too fast. 5). No dye transfer inhibitor is added, or the amount added is insufficient.
(15)Dye Spot (Dyestuff Spot)
Appearance: The surface of the dyed fabric has flake-like larger spots with darker colors, different shapes, and irregular positions.
Causes: 1. Improper dyes and additives used. The dye is not sufficiently dissolved and dispersed. 2). The dye or auxiliary contains impurities. 3). The hardness of the dyeing water is too high, soft water is not used, or the softener used for soft water is not appropriate.
(16) Dyeing Streak
Appearance: The adjacently arranged yarns or yarn groups of dyed fabrics show differences in hue, concentration and gorgeousness. There are only one yarn, and there are also several yarns in the form of ribbons. There are shorter ones and full length ones.
Cause: This is a chemical problem of the chemical fibers used in dyeing fabrics. This difference occurs due to the difference in dyeing properties.
The difference between light and dark.
Cause: This is a physical property problem of the chemical fibers used in dyeing fabrics. Due to the differences in light reflectivity, absorptivity, and transmittance of the fibers in the fabric, the gloss, transparency, whiteness, etc. differences occur. For example, the additives, degree of crystallization, degree of alignment, amorphous state, etc. in chemical fibers will all affect the luster of the fiber itself.
(18)Fabric Configuration Streak Appearance: Dyed fabrics with non-plain weave, depending on the changes in the tissue, the surface color of the fabric may be dark or light, or light or dark.
Cause: Due to the structure of the fabric, the distribution of the interweaving points of the fabric and the arrangement relationship between the warp and weft yarns are different, resulting in different reflectivity and transmittance of the fabric to light.
(19) Spacing Streak
Appearance: The difference in color depth in the form of straight strips in the warp or longitudinal direction of the dyed fabric.
Cause: The warp yarns of the fabric move during dyeing, causing the density of yarn arrangement to be uneven. The gaps between adjacent yarns may be large or small, resulting in differences, resulting in visual differences between light and dark.
(20) Carrier Spot
Appearance: The surface of polyester fabric dyed has drop-shaped dense dye spots.
Causes: 1). When bath-dying polyester fabrics under normal pressure, due to poor dispersion of the dye-conducting agent, spots are formed on the cloth surface after absorbing the dye. 2). The dye-conducting agent that volatilizes during normal pressure dyeing condenses on the top of the machine and drips onto the dyed object.
(21) Warp Stripe (Yarn Texture Streak) Appearance: Piece-dyed woven fabric with rain-like stripes in the direction of the warp. In severe cases, it can also be seen on the surface of the gray cloth. Such defects may appear significant or insignificant due to the brightness of the inspection site, the direction of observation, and the distance.
Causes: 1). Formed due to differences in the count, uniformity, twist number and cross-sectional shape of the yarn used for weaving. 2). Improper dye selection, especially when dyeing green, is more likely to occur. 3). For example, if it is a polyester processed silk fabric, the desizing treatment before dyeing is improper, and there is some paste residue in the area. During dyeing, the fabric will not be colored, the color will be lighter, and warp stripes will appear.
(22) Dyeing horizontal strips (Barry Dyeing, Filling Band in Shade) Appearance: In the weft direction of woven fabrics, or the transverse continuous loops of circular knitted fabrics, the color appears darker or lighter after dyeing.
Causes: 1). The woven fabric has dense or sparse defects. 2). When weaving knitted fabrics, the yarn feeding tension is uneven, or the number of loops is uneven. 3). When weaving, use filamentous chemical fiber yarns with the same specifications but different batch numbers. 4). During the processing of chemical fiber yarn for knitting, the temperature during the heating process is uneven.
(23) Dye Spot
Appearance: 1). On the surface of dyed medium and light-colored fabrics, there are tiny color spots of the same color. 2). There are tiny color spots of other dyes on the surface of bleached or light-colored fabrics.
Causes: 1). The dye is poorly dissolved and there are still tiny particles that are not dissolved. 2). The dye flies up during transportation and falls on the fabrics stored for processing. 3). Failure to clean the mechanical equipment and continue processing light colors after dark colors are processed.
(24) Rope Mark (Rope Mark)
Appearance: During rope dyeing, the fabric shrinks into a rope shape, and the cloth surface has irregularities along the length of the cloth after dyeing. Color shades and wrinkles.
Cause: When dyeing using Wenqi or liquid-flow dyeing machines, the fabric is not pre-shaped or is insufficiently shaped. The scroll bar malfunctioned and stopped during dyeing. A sudden rise or fall in temperature. The dyeing bath ratio is too small. The fabric is knotted in the vat, etc.
(25)Padding Mark
Appearance: When the woven fabric is open-width and padded, the fabric is folded in the warp direction between the two rollers. , the pressure and suction rate is different due to the difference in thickness. The folded area is slightly lighter in color than the normal area. It usually occurs in the two ends of a piece of fabric.
Reasons: 1). The fabric to be press-dyed has creases during the pre-treatment process, which cannot be completely eliminated during styling. 2). The spreader of the fabric feeding device of the press dyeing machine failed and failed to spread the fabric. 3). The seams between pieces are poor, with shrinkage or irregularity.
(26) Wood grain (Moire)
Appearance: The surface of the dyed fabric shows wood grain-like glossy spots.
Reasons: 1). When the warp beam is dyed, the fabric shrinks too much, causing the roll layer to move. 2). When the beam is dyed, the winding is too tight, resulting in abnormal circulation of the dyeing solution.
(27) Uneven Dyeing on Selvage Appearance: After dyeing the fabric, the edge of the fabric appears different in color from the surface.
Causes: 1). The edge of the gray fabric is too loose or too tight. 2). When setting the shape before dyeing, the edge of the cloth will be highClamping with temperature splint. 3). The edges of the fabric curl during dyeing. 4). When dyeing in open-width cross-rolling, the winding will be uneven and the edges of the fabric will be oxidized. 5). Insufficient reduction during open-width roll vulcanization or vat dyeing. 6). When open-width pressure dyeing, the suction rates of the fabric edge and the fabric surface are inconsistent. 7). Insufficient washing after dyeing, leaving chemicals remaining on the edge of the fabric.
(28) Fading of Selvage or Discoloration: Appearance: The color of the finished fabric after printing and dyeing is different from normal.
Reasons: 1). During resin processing, the temperature of the needle plate or plywood is too high, and the dye sublimates and escapes. 2). When using a rotary cylinder dryer to dry fabrics, the temperature is too high and the edge of the fabric is too tight around the fabric cylinder.
(29) Edge Mark
Appearance: Refers to the cylindrical knitted fabric, where the two sides of the cylindrical flat fold are turned, showing abnormal dyeing.
Causes: 1). The oil added during weaving deteriorates. 2). If the gray cloth is stored improperly or for too long, the edges of the cloth will be changed or contaminated by the action of air and sunlight. 3). When the cylinder is being shaped, the temperature of the shaping rack is too high.
E/C blended woven fabric.
Cause: Due to the use of a conveyor belt type continuous bleaching machine, the machine is filled with saturated steam. The stainless steel conveyor belt dries up due to high temperature and is in close contact with the fabric folded on it, causing the fabric to shrink due to less moisture. Its color absorbing properties.
(31)Colored Spot
Appearance: The surface of the fabric shows a large area of other color pollution without a certain shape.
Causes: 1). Pollution that occurs when fabrics come into contact with dyed fabrics of different colors when they are in a wet state. If the color difference is very different, it will be more obvious. 2). The utensils were not thoroughly cleaned during processing or transportation.
Reasons: 1). The dyeing liquid has a lot of foam and adheres to the cloth surface. This is mostly due to improper selection of dispersants and additives. 2). The reducing solution has a lot of foam, especially when reducing after dyeing with vat dye. 3). If the phenol chromogenic solution contains impurities that cannot be diazotized, scum will be formed.
(33) Tarring Stringing
Appearance: dyedWhen dyeing, aggregation occurs between dyes and between dyes and additives, resulting in poor dissolution of dyes. After dyeing, streaks or short strips of darker color stains will appear on the cloth surface.
Causes: 1). The dye is poorly dissolved and dispersed, or the dye is mixed with other chemicals, and the hardness of the dyeing water is too high. 2). The combination of dyes and auxiliaries is inappropriate, or the timing and order of adding auxiliaries are inappropriate.
(34) Roller contamination
Appearance: During the dyeing and finishing process, when the cloth passes through the cylindrical device, the peripheral surface of the cylinder is unclean, such as oil, Chemicals, dyes and other contaminants contaminate the cloth surface. The shape is mostly small flakes, and there is a certain distance between the two contaminations.
Causes: 1). There are oil stains on the cloth guide roller. 2). There is tar-like lake on the pressure roller, or contaminants such as short fibers falling off from the fabric. 3). The drying cylinder is stained with oil stains and dirt.
(35) Chemicals Staining
Appearance: Dotted or flaky changes on the surface of the fabric, fading, contamination or deterioration.
Cause: Caused by chemicals that should not be used penetrate into the fabric.
(36) Dyeing Stop Mark
Appearance: Along the weft or transverse direction of the fabric, there is a trace of 2 to 10 cm wide, and the color is more than normal Deep or shallow, and there are watermarks on both sides.
Cause: When the machine suddenly stops running due to power outage, fabric rolling or other mechanical failure during normal operation, the fabric is clamped between the two rollers, which occurs when the dyeing liquid or reducing liquid is pressed. hour.
(37) Color spots
Appearance: The finished fabric that has been packaged will have darker spots of the same color on the surface after opening.
Cause: After dyeing and finishing, the fabric is packaged in a sealed manner. Due to the condensation of evaporated water vapor, dyes and processing agents with weak wet fastness will cause it to move and form spotty stains. .
(38) Blurred pattern
Appearance: The printed pattern lines are not clear enough, making the pattern feel fuzzy.
Cause: This kind of fabric defect mostly occurs in roller printing. Improper engraving of the printing cylinder and too little pressure on the squeegee can cause such defects.
phenomenon.
Cause: When printing patterns of more than two colors, the relationship between the plates and the plates cannot be accurately aligned.
(40) Lack of paste
Appearance: The original design pattern, part or all is not printed.
Reasons: 1). The printing slurry in the slurry tank of the roller printing machine is exhausted, it is not added in time, or the automatic slurry supply equipment fails. 2). The slurry pump of the printing machine in Rome failed.
(41) Printing broken lines
Appearance: The pattern of fine lines is printed, and the pattern is occasionally interrupted.
Reasons: 1). Because the pattern is too thin, the depth of the roller printing plate is not enough, the holes of the roller printing plate are too large, and the printing paste is not easy to penetrate. 2). The prepared printing paste has a high viscosity.
(42) Printed creases
Appearance: On the surface of the printed fabric, there are fusiform or long strip-shaped areas along the warp or longitudinal direction without printed patterns.
Cause: The wrinkles on the fabric surface overlap during printing, and the pattern is not printed on the covered parts.
Cause: It often occurs in printing with outline or Roman printing. Sticky lumps in the printing paste stick to the printing plate and block the passage of printing paste.
(44) Color transfer
Appearance: The printed pattern is not sharp enough, and there is a phenomenon of crossing out of the pattern.
Causes: 1). The printing paste is not thick enough. 2). The two colors of printing paste overlap.
(45) Printing paste cylinder pollution
Appearance: Fabrics printed on white background are evenly polluted by a very small amount of printing paste, which mostly occurs in roller-coated fabrics.
Causes: 1). The mirror surface of the printing roller is not enough and the printing paste is easy to adhere to. 2). The contact between the scraper and the printing roller is poor, or the scraper is not sharpened frequently and is not sharp enough. Printing on a white background, black or dark colors with larger patterns are easy to occur.
(46) Squeegee stain
Appearance: There is a neat trace of a single color in the warp or longitudinal direction of the printed fabric. The wider ones still show colorlessness in the central part, gradually becoming lighter and disappearing from dark to both sides.
Cause: Occasionally there are agglomerates or agglomerates in the printing paste, which are pressurized by the scraper of the roller printing machine and slide over part of the peripheral surface of the printing drum.
All fine lines on the printing cylinder.
Cause: The printing roller was not properly engraved and trimmed, and the edge of the groove was damaged due to strong scraping by the scraper. Or the printing paste is mixed with hardTiny hard chips will scratch the printing roller starting from the pattern groove.
The pattern edges are not neat enough.
Cause: Too much pulp is consumed during printing. The tension of the cloth entering and exiting is uneven. The lint on the surface of the fabric accumulates on the scraper.
(49) Printing jump knife
Appearance: The pattern of the printed fabric changes in wavy color depth along the length of the fabric.
Cause: The scraper installation and pressure of the roller printing machine are not suitable.
(50) Poor plate joining
Appearance: The continuous patterns of printed fabrics are not properly connected at the joints of the plate distances. This mostly occurs in outline printed fabrics.
Causes: 1). The plate used for printing is poorly made. 2). The distance between the printing front-loading plate and the front plate cannot be accurately controlled.
(51) Base fabric seam contamination
Appearance: The pattern of the printed fabric has a trace of extremely blurred pattern along the width direction of the fabric, but the degree of blur is The whole article is not consistent.
Cause: The base fabric used in roller printing is in the shape of a ring. The seams are thicker due to overlap and tend to absorb more water. After drying, the fabric will still be wet than ordinary fabrics. Overlapping with the printed fabric will soak the printed fabric, and the printed printing paste will penetrate and spread.
(52) Printing Stop Mark
Appearance: The pattern of the printed fabric is along the width direction of the fabric, with a full width of about 5 to 15 cm of various colors of printing paste. There are no traces of mixing and infiltration, and there is no display of patterns.
Cause: The printing machine stopped running, and the printing roller or roller did not rise immediately and continued to press on the cloth surface, causing excessive printing paste to penetrate into the cloth.
(53) Water rolling marks
Appearance: On the surface of dyed or printed fabrics, there are dot-shaped or larger flake-shaped traces of lighter color. The edges of the marks are often darker than the center.
Cause: Fabrics that have not been post-processed after dyeing or printing will undergo significant discoloration due to condensation of steam in the factory and fall on the fabric during storage, even if it is dried. Even if it is dried, it cannot be restored to its original color. This is caused by the water droplets combining with the dye in the form of crystallized water. If you use an iron to dry it at high temperature, it may return to its original color. When using vat dye to dye cellulose fiber fabrics, such water rolling marks will be most noticeable.
(54) Hair spots
Appearance: after priming and dyeing or printingAfter the fabric is dyed, the color produced on the fabric will have lighter irregular flaky spots.
Cause: 1). The concentration ratio of base liquid and color liquid of **phenol dye is improper. 2). The drying temperature after priming is too high. 3). The reducing agent used in continuous dyeing is not completely dissolved. 4). During the hot steaming process, the air in the steamer is not completely eliminated, so the fabric is in contact with the air. 5).During the hot steaming process, the temperature inside the steamer is not uniform. 6). The oxidation of the dye occurs incompletely. 7). After dyeing or printing and before color development, the fabric is exposed to direct sunlight.
(55) Resin spots
Appearance: The finished fabric processed by resin has dry and solid resin spots on the surface of the fabric. It looks shiny and reflective, and feels smooth and stiff when touched.
Cause: During the resin processing process, the resin cannot be fully and evenly dissolved. The fabric passes through the resin slurry tank and adheres to the cloth surface. It is then squeezed by the roller and forms a sheet that adheres tightly to the cloth surface. .
Cause: During resin processing, the resin pressure absorption rate is too high and the temperature at which drying begins is too high.
(57) Pilling
Appearance: The finished fabric processed by resin has pilling on the surface of the fabric. Woolen fabrics, polyester short fiber products, and blended fabrics with polyester short fiber are more likely to occur.
Reasons: 1). Before the resin processing, the surface of the fabric still has a lot of hairiness. 2). During resin processing, no anti-pilling agent or appropriate smoothing agent is added to the resin liquid.
(58) Split yarn
Appearance: Weft knitted fabric, one row of loops is pulled apart to become straight.
Cause: When weft-knitted fabrics are being shaped or processed with resin, the cloth is fed in the wrong direction, causing a row of loops to be straightened.
(59) The cloth surface is shiny
Appearance: The cloth surface is too flat and has undesired brightness, which mostly occurs in chemical fiber knitted fabrics.
Cause: During resin processing, the tension applied to the fabric is too high.
(60) The cloth surface is uneven
Appearance: The entire length of the fabric, about 1 yard long, is spread flat on a platform. The fabric body is uneven, mostly in the weft. Woven cloth.
Cause: Poor shaping or resin processing results in uneven longitudinal and transverse shrinkage of the fabric.
(61) Poor elasticity
Appearance: A stretchable knitted fabric that cannot return to its original shape after being slightly stretched vertically and horizontally.shape and showing wrinkles.
Reasons: 1). The extra silk used in weaving has poor crimp fastness. 2). When setting the shape or resin processing, the temperature is set too high, or the fabric is heated at high temperature for too long, causing the processed yarns in the fabric to lose part of their recovery properties.
(62)Paper Like
Appearance: The fabric surface is smooth, slightly stiff, and less stretchable, just like paper.
Cause: The shrinkage rate of chemical filament fibers used for fabrics in boiling water is very low, for example only 2 to 3%. Therefore, during the fabric processing process, they cannot fully shrink, causing The fabric has a paper feel.
Extended reading: https://www. alltextile.cn/product/product-53-911.html
Extended reading: https://www.alltextile.cn/product/product-69-541.html
Extended reading:https://www.tpu-ptfe.com/post/7719.html
Extended reading: https://www.alltextile.cn/product/product-32-135.html
Extended reading: https://www.alltextile.cn/product/product-6-685.html
Extended reading:https://www.alltextile.cn/product/product-34-674.html
This article is from the Internet, does not represent Composite Fabric,bonded Fabric,Lamination Fabric position, reproduced please specify the source.https://www.tradetextile.com/archives/87131
