Various dyeing equipment (with equipment schematic diagram)

Introduction

Confucius said: “If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.”

Today, the editor will learn about various dyeing equipment with you. Generally, according to the dyeing form of the dyed objects, they are divided into five types of dyeing machines: loose fiber, sliver, yarn, fabric and garment.

1. Loose fiber dyeing machine

1. Intermittent loose fiber dyeing machine

consists of a charging drum, a circular dyeing tank and a circulation pump (as shown in the picture). The drum has a central tube, and the walls of the drum and the central tube are covered with small holes. Put the fiber into the drum, place it in the dye tank, add the dye solution, start the circulation pump, and heat up the dye. The dye liquor flows out from the central tube of the drum, passes through the fibers and the drum wall from the inside to the outside, and then returns to the central tube to form a cycle. Some loose fiber dyeing machines consist of a conical pot, dyeing tank and circulation pump. The false bottom and lid of the conical pot are covered with small holes. When dyeing, put the loose fiber into the pot, cover it and press it tightly, and then put it into the dyeing tank. The dye liquid flows out of the pot cover from bottom to top through the false bottom through the circulation pump, forming a cycle for dyeing.

2. Continuous bulk fiber dyeing machine

consists of a hopper, a conveyor belt, a squeeze roller, a steaming box, etc. The fiber is sent to the squeegee roller by the conveyor belt through the hopper, and is filled with dye liquor. After being pressed by the squeegee roller, the fiber enters the steam box. After steaming, soap and wash.

2. Sliver dyeing machine

1. Hair ball dyeing machine

It is an intermittent dyeing equipment, and its main structure is similar to that of a barrel-type loose fiber dyeing machine. When dyeing, put the sliver wound into a hollow ball into the cylinder and tighten the cylinder cover. Driven by the circulation pump, the dye liquid passes through the wall hole from the outside of the cylinder into the hair ball, and then flows out from the upper part of the porous central tube. Repeatedly. Until the dyeing is completed.

2. Top continuous pad dyeing machine

The structure is similar to that of a continuous bulk fiber dyeing machine. The steaming box is generally “J” shaped and equipped with drying equipment.

3. Yarn dyeing machine

1. Hank yarn dyeing machine

It is mainly composed of a square dye tank, a bracket, a yarn carrying tube and a circulation pump. It is an intermittent dyeing equipment. Hang the skein on the yarn carrier tube of the stand and put it into the dyeing tank. The dye liquor flows through the skein driven by the circulation pump. The yarn-carrying tube of some models can also rotate slowly. There are small holes in the tube wall, and the dye liquid is sprayed out from the small holes and flows through the skein.

(Picture: Principle of hank dyeing machine)

2. Cheese dyeing machine

It is mainly composed of a cylindrical dyeing tank, a creel, a liquid storage tank and a circulating pump. It is an intermittent dyeing equipment. The yarn is wound around a cylindrical reed or porous conical tube and then fixed to the porous sleeve of the creel in the dye tank. The dye liquor flows into the porous sleeve of the creel through the circulation pump, and then flows outward from the inner core of the cheese. After a certain interval of time, reverse flow is performed. The dyeing bath ratio is generally around 10:1-5:1.

3. Beam dyeing machine

It is mainly composed of a cylindrical dyeing tank, a warp beam, a liquid storage tank and a circulation pump. It is an intermittent dyeing equipment. Originally used for warp dyeing, it is now widely used for open-width dyeing of loose fabrics, especially synthetic fiber warp knitted fabrics. During dyeing, the warp yarn or fabric is wound on a hollow beam filled with small holes and then loaded into a cylindrical dyeing tank. The dye liquor flows from the small hole of the hollow warp beam through the yarn or fabric on the warp beam under the action of the circulation pump, and reverses the flow at regular intervals. The beam dyeing machine can also be used for dyeing light and thin lining fabrics.

4. Fabric dyeing machine

According to the form and characteristics of fabric dyeing, it can be divided into rope dyeing machine, jigger dyeing machine, pad dyeing machine and continuous pad dyeing machine. The latter three are all open-width dyeing equipment. Fabrics that are easily deformed, such as woolen fabrics and knitted fabrics, are mostly dyed with loose rope dyeing machines, while cotton fabrics are mostly dyed with open-width dyeing machines.

1. RopeShape dyeing machine

Commonly known as the pull cylinder without nozzles, it is mainly composed of a dye tank and a round or oval flower basket roller. It is an intermittent dyeing equipment. During dyeing, the fabric is immersed in the dye bath in a relaxed and curved shape, is lifted up by the flower basket roller through the cloth guide roller, and then falls into the dye bath. The fabrics are connected end to end and run in a cycle. During the dyeing process, the fabric is immersed in the dye bath in a relaxed state most of the time, and the tension is small. The bath ratio is generally 20:1 to 40:1. Because the bath is relatively large, pull-out tubs are now being gradually phased out.

Since the 1960s, the newly developed equipment types of rope dyeing machines include jet dyeing machines, normal temperature overflow dyeing machines, air flow dyeing machines, etc. The jet dyeing machine is an intermittent dyeing equipment with high efficiency. The fabric is subject to less tension when dyeing. It is suitable for dyeing many varieties of small batches of synthetic fiber fabrics. It is mainly composed of dyeing tank, injector, cloth guide pipe, heat exchanger and circulation pump. When dyeing, the fabrics are connected end to end. The fabric is lifted up from the dye bath by the cloth guide roller. It is driven by the liquid flow ejected from the ejector to advance in the cloth guide tube, and then falls into the dye tank in a relaxed and curved shape and is immersed in the dye bath. And slowly moves forward, and is lifted up again by the cloth guide roller to run in a cycle. The dye liquor is driven by a high-power pump, passes through the heat exchanger, and then is accelerated and ejected through the injector. The liquor ratio is generally 5:1~10:1. The following is the dynamic schematic diagram of three types of jet dyeing machines: L type, O type, and U type:

(O type)

(L-shaped)

(U-shaped)

(air flow dyeing machine)

2. Jigger dyeing machine

is a long-standing flat-width dyeing equipment. It is mainly composed of a dyeing tank, a cloth rolling roller and a cloth guide roller. It is an intermittent dyeing equipment. The fabric is first wound on the first cloth roll in open width, and then wound on the other cloth roll after passing through the dye solution. When the fabric is about to be wound up, it is re-wound to the original cloth roll. Each winding One step is called one step at a time, and the steps are repeated until the dyeing is completed. The liquor ratio is generally 3:1~5:1. Some jigger dyeing machines are equipped with automatic control facilities such as fabric tension, U-turn and operating speed, which can reduce fabric tension and reduce workers’ labor intensity. The picture below is a cross-sectional view of the jigger.

3. Pad dyeing machine

is an open-width dyeing machine that combines intermittent and continuous. It is mainly composed of padding machine and heating and insulation chamber. The padding machine consists of a padding car and a padding tank. There are two types of rolling cars: two-roller and three-roller. The rollers are arranged up and down or left and right, and the pressure between the rollers can be adjusted. After the fabric is immersed in the dye solution in the padding tank, it is pressed by rollers. The dye liquor penetrates into the fabric, and the excess dye liquor still flows into the padding tank. The fabric enters the insulation room and is wound into a large roll on a rolling roller. It is slowly rotated and stacked for a certain period of time under hot and humid conditions, so that the dye can gradually dye the fibers. This kind of equipment is suitable for small-batch, multi-variety open-width dyeing. The cold pad batch dyeing used in many factories now uses this kind of dyeing machine, as shown below:

4. Continuous pad dyeing machine

is an open-width continuous dyeing combined machine with high production efficiency and is suitable for large-volume dyeing equipment. It mainly consists of padding, drying, steaming or baking, flat washing and other units. The combination of machines depends on the dye properties and process conditions. Two-roller or three-roller rolling mills are commonly used for padding, and infrared rays, hot air or drying cylinders are used for drying. Infrared ray heating has a uniform temperature, but the drying efficiency is low. After drying, it is steamed or baked to fully absorb the dye into the fiber, and then soaped and washed. Hot melt continuous pad dyeing machine is suitable for disperse dye dyeing.

The following is the flow chart of the continuous pad dyeing machine:

5. Garment dyeing machine

The garment dyeing machine is suitable for small batches and special varieties of garment dyeing, and is flexible, convenient and fast. The principle is as follows: