The nature of fibers is the fundamental factor that determines the performance of fabrics. Therefore, fabrics woven from different types of fibers have their own unique properties.
(1) Cotton fiber: Its main characteristics are fineness, moderate length, softness and natural twist, good moisture absorption and warmth retention properties, cotton fiber The fiber can be spun not only into medium and thick special yarns, but also into fine special yarns. It can achieve a “mercerizing” effect with moderate interaction with alkali and has good dyeing properties. For this reason, cotton fabric has excellent wearing properties such as softness, warmth, moisture absorption, breathability, and comfortable wearing. Its main disadvantage is poor wrinkle recovery performance.
(2) Wool fiber: The main characteristics are natural curl, low initial modulus, small bending stiffness, strong elastic recovery and low thermal conductivity; wool The hygroscopicity of wool is the first among natural fibers, and it also has good moisture dissipation properties. There are scales on the surface of wool fibers, which make wool fabrics have milling properties and make the fabrics soft and lustrous. Wool fibers have good affinity for dyes, so the color of wool fabrics is also brighter. Beautiful. Wool fabrics are stiff and elastic, soft and bodied, smooth (slippery) and plump. These are the so-called “hair-like feel”.
(3) Natural silk: slender and soft, smooth surface, elastic, highly hygroscopic, and has a gorgeous and noble luster. Silk has a good affinity for dyes and is more elastic than cotton fiber. Silk fabrics are less prone to wrinkles than cotton fabrics. Therefore, silk fabric has the characteristics of smooth, stiff, refreshing, bright and good drape.
(4) Hemp fiber: It is characterized by high strength, stiffness, strong hygroscopicity and quick moisture release. The disadvantage is low elasticity and stretch. The woven fabric is stiff and breathable, and can easily absorb sweat discharged by the human body and dissipate it quickly.
(5) Chemical fibers: There are currently many types and are developing rapidly. They are changing with each passing day. Different fiber varieties have large differences in fabric properties. The following are the more widely used ones.
①Viscose fiber: The properties are close to cotton, but the strength is worse than cotton, especially the wet strength is low, the elongation is large but the recovery performance is small, the stiffness is small, and the feel Soft, highly hygroscopic, breathable and dyeable. Therefore, viscose fiber fabric is soft, comfortable to wear, bright in color and has good drape. The disadvantage is the lack of body bones and a “floating” feeling. It is easy to wrinkle and deform, has a large shrinkage rate and poor dimensional stability.
②Polyester fiber: high strength, good elasticity, strong wear resistance, large initial modulus when stretched, good rigidity, and strong deformation recovery performance. Polyester fabric is stiff and elastic, dimensional stability, good fastness, and excellent wrinkle resistance. The disadvantages are poor hygroscopicity, easy generation of static electricity, easy staining of fabrics, poor air permeability, and stuffiness when worn. But it is easy to wash, quick-drying, and does not require ironing. It is known as “wash and wear”.
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