PM stands for particulate matter in English. Scientists use PM2.5 to represent the content of such particles per cubic meter of air. The higher the value, the more serious the air pollution.
The World Health Organization also pointed out in the 2005 version of the “Air Quality Guidelines” that when the average annual concentration of PM2.5 reaches 35 micrograms per cubic meter, the risk of death increases by approximately 15% compared with 10 micrograms per cubic meter. A report from the United Nations Environment Program stated that if the concentration of PM2.5 per cubic meter increased by 20 mg per cubic meter, about 340,000 people would die every year in China and India.
Due to the increasingly serious pollution caused by the residues emitted by combustion in daily power generation, industrial production, vehicle exhaust emissions and other processes, the PM2.5 index has become an important index for measuring and controlling air pollution levels.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) released a global air quality map in September 2010, specifically showing the density of PM2.5 around the world. A map showing PM2.5 averages from 2001 to 2006 was drawn based on monitoring results from two NASA satellite monitors. On this map, red (that is, high density of PM2.5) appears in North Africa, East Asia, and China. The density of PM2.5 in North, East and Central China is even close to 80 micrograms per cubic meter, even exceeding the Sahara Desert.
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