When selecting sizing additives, fiber characteristics should be considered

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When spinning yarn sizing, it is difficult to achieve the required sizing effect when using one or several main sizing agents alone. Various auxiliary materials, namely additives, are needed to improve the sizing properties. The amount of additives used is small, but there are many types with different properties. Only by fully understanding the characteristics of various additives, based on factors such as fiber type, spinning yarn structure, fabric specifications, weaving conditions, and the characteristics of the main slurry itself, can Only by correctly selecting the type of additives can we improve the sizing quality.

The selection and use of additives are closely related to the sizing effect, and their use purposes are multifaceted. When a certain type of additive is used and expected to achieve good results in one aspect, it often brings unfavorable results in another aspect. For example, in order to make the sizing film soft and windable, grease is often used, but grease will weaken the strength of the sizing film and the adhesion of the slurry to the fibers, thereby reducing the wear resistance and reinforcement rate of the sizing yarn. Therefore, it is very important to correctly select the type and dosage of additives.
The additive should first have the characteristics of being able to be mixed with other slurries to form a uniform slurry at any temperature below 100°C. It should not volatilize or decompose at high temperatures, and there should be no chemical reactions between various slurries that would deteriorate the quality of the slurry. It should not damage fiber properties, has no corrosive effect on machine parts, and is easy to desize. Secondly, the use of additives should not affect the finishing after printing and dyeing, nor damage the fabric style, nor affect the fabric color. What’s more important is that the price is reasonable, the source is sufficient, and it is easy to use.
Normally, as long as the weaving conditions can be met, the type and amount of additives should be used as little as possible. Commonly used additives include: surfactants, oils, waxes, preservatives, etc.
When sizing, it is not only expected that the surface of the spinning yarn will have a relatively complete film, but also that a certain amount of slurry will be immersed into the interior of the spinning yarn. Therefore, an appropriate amount of surfactant needs to be used. The concentration of surfactant in the slurry should be slightly higher than the “critical micelle concentration”. If the concentration is too high, it will not only be ineffective, but also cause the aggregation of molecules, which will have a negative impact on the process performance of the slurry. As slurry additives, anionic and non-release surfactants are generally used.
Surfactants in warp sizing are divided into wetting agents, penetrating agents, dispersants, antistatic agents, emulsifiers, defoaming agents and foaming agents according to their uses and application methods. Commonly used soaking agents include Turkish red oil, Taikoo oil, brown or yellow oily liquid, and soaking agents used for fabrics include Pingpingjia O, 5881D, Fat Soap, etc. Do not use too much soaking agent, otherwise the slurry will easily foam. After adding an emulsifier to the slurry during sizing, the emulsifier molecules are adsorbed on the two-phase interface to form an adsorption layer. It is worth noting that since NPEO and NP are non-degradable substances, starting from January 2012, NPEO, OPEO, NP and OP in APEO have been included in the detection range and cannot be used. Enterprises should switch to environmentally friendly emulsifiers, such as isomeric 13-alcohol series.
In the weaving process, spinning yarns are prone to static electricity accumulation, and adjacent warp yarns are easily entangled with each other, causing unclear weaving edges, flying flowers and dust accumulation, etc., which affects the smooth progress of weaving. Pure polyester yarns or spinning yarns containing more polyester yarns This is especially severe when weaving. Appropriate antistatic agents can be added during sizing to reduce static electricity generated during weaving, improve weaving efficiency and improve fabric quality. The antistatic agent can form a conductive continuous mode on the surface of the fiber, increase the conductivity of the fiber material, reduce the surface resistivity, and quickly leak the generated static electricity to achieve the effect of removing static electricity.
Others, if there is too much foam in the slurry and the sizing rate is difficult to control, defoamer can be used. When using partially alcoholized PVA slurry, it is recommended to use solid silicone as the preferred defoaming agent. If the amount of starch in the slurry is large and the protein content is high and the foam is high, it is recommended to use tributyl phosphate. Different defoaming agents are used for foams with different properties. If necessary, you can also consider mixing them to achieve the ultimate goal of low dosage and good effect. (Han Shihong)

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