Among the many functional varieties, elastic fiber, as a “sunrise industry”, can give the human body a good sense of contact and plays an irreplaceable role in the comfort, fluffiness and warmth of clothing. Therefore, it is widely used in China and even in China. Occupying a solid position in the world’s textile industry, giving textile fabrics a certain degree of elasticity has become an inevitable development trend for wearable textiles.
1. Diene elastic fiber (rubber yarn)
Diene elastic fiber is commonly known as rubber yarn or elastic yarn. The main chemical component is vulcanized polyisoprene, which has good chemical and physical properties such as high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and wear resistance. It is widely used in knitting industries such as socks and ribbed cuffs. Rubber yarn is an elastic fiber used in the early days. Since it is mainly made into thick yarn, its use in woven fabrics is very limited.
2. Polyurethane fiber (spandex)
Polyurethane elastic fiber refers to Fiber made of a block copolymer with polyurethane as the main component. In my country, it is called spandex. The original trade name in the United States is spandex.
Spandex, later renamed Lycra, Elastane in Europe, Neolon in Japan, and
Dorlastan. Its elasticity comes from its molecular structure, a block copolymer network composed of so-called “soft” and “hard” segments.
The spinning methods of spandex include dry spinning, wet spinning, chemical reaction spinning and melt spinning. Dry spinning technology is currently the most common method for spandex industrial production. Spandex is the earliest developed and most widely used variety of elastic fibers with the most mature production technology.
3. Polyetherester elastic fiber
Polyetherester elastic fiber is Elastic fibers produced by melt spinning of polyester and polyether copolymers, manufactured by Teijin Corporation of Japan
1990
First produced in the year. Polyetherester elastic fiber has a similar structure to polyurethane elastic fiber and also has “segment” structural characteristics. The “soft” segment is mainly a polyether segment, which has good flexibility, a long chain, and is easy to stretch and deform; the “hard” segment is a polyester segment, which is relatively stiff, easy to crystallize, and has a short chain. It acts as a node when deformed by force, imparts elastic recovery properties, and determines the strength and heat resistance of the fiber.
Polyetherester elastic fiber not only has high strength, but also has good elasticity and high melting point. It is blended with PET fiber and can be dyed at 120~130°C, so polyester fiber can also be processed into elastic textiles. . In addition, they have excellent light resistance, chlorine bleaching resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc. are better than ordinary spandex.
This fiber also has the advantages of cheap raw materials, easy production and processing, and is a promising fiber.
4. Composite elastic fiber (T400 fiber)
CONTEX
Contex (ST 100 composite elastic fiber, collectively referred to as T400 elastic fiber in the market) is a kind of fiber that uses DuPont Sorona as the main raw material and is different from ordinary PET.
A new two-component composite elastic fiber made through advanced composite spinning technology; it has natural permanent spiral crimp and excellent bulk, elasticity, elastic recovery rate, color fastness and a particularly soft feel. It can be woven alone. It can also be interwoven with cotton, viscose, polyester, nylon, etc. to form a variety of styles.
It not only solves many problems such as traditional spandex yarn is not easy to dye, has excess elasticity, is complex in weaving, is unstable in fabric size, and is prone to aging during use, but it can also be used directly on air jets, water jets, and arrow shafts. Weaving on the loom does not have to be made into covered yarn before weaving on the machine like spandex, which reduces the cost of the yarn and improves the quality uniformity of the product.
5. Polyolefin elastic fiber (DOW XLA fiber)
Polyolefin elastic fiber is made of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer through melt spinning Made from silk. XLA, launched by DOW Chemical in the United States in 2002, is the first commercialized polyolefin elastic fiber. It is produced by melt spinning of in-situ polymerized ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) catalyzed by metallocene catalysts. .
It has good elasticity, 500% elongation at break, can withstand high temperatures of 220°C, is resistant to chlorine bleaching and strong acid and alkali treatment, and has strong resistance to ultraviolet degradation. Its production process is relatively simple, its raw material price is lower than that of spandex, and it produces almost no pollution during the production process and is easy to recycle. Because polyolefin elastic fibers have a variety of excellent properties, their applications have become increasingly widespread in recent years.
6. Hard elastic fiber
Certain fibers made under special processing conditions, such as polypropylene (PP), Fibers such as polyethylene (PE), although not easily deformed under low stress (�(because they have a higher modulus), but also have better elasticity under higher stress, especially at lower temperatures, so this type of fiber is called hard elastic fiber.
At present, hard elastic fibers are not widely used in textiles, but because their elastic characteristics are different from soft elastic fibers, some special textiles can be developed.
