1. Dyeing fastness: the ability of a dyed product to maintain its original color during use or subsequent processing.
2. Dip dyeing: dipping textiles A dyeing method in which the dye is dyed and fixed on the fiber in the dyeing solution for a certain period of time.
3. Pad dyeing: After the fabric is briefly immersed in the dye solution, it is then pressed with a roller to dye it. The liquid is squeezed into the gaps of the textile tissue and the excess dye liquid is removed, so that the dye is evenly distributed on the fabric. The fixation of the dye is completed in the subsequent steaming and other processes.
4. Liquor ratio: the ratio of the volume of the dye liquor to the mass of the dyed material.
5. Liquid squeeze rate: the percentage of the mass of dye liquor on the fabric to the mass of dry cloth.
6. Migration: During the drying process of the fabric after pad dyeing, the dye moves along the direction of water evaporation The phenomenon of movement causes color differences such as yin and yang.
7. Diffusion boundary layer: The dye liquor near the fiber surface in the dynamic boundary layer is almost stationary. At this time, it mainly relies on its own Diffusion occurs close to the fiber surface, which is also called the diffusion boundary layer.
8. Electrodynamic layer potential: the potential difference caused by the relative movement of the adsorption layer and the diffusion layer.
9. Dynamic boundary layer: Generally, the area where the flow velocity of the dye liquor decreases from the dye liquor body to the fiber surface is called the dynamic boundary. layer.
10. Electric double layer potential: In aqueous solution, the negative charge on the fiber surface is different from the oppositely charged positive ions. There is a certain concentration distribution of thermal motion at a certain distance from the fiber surface. This results in an adsorption layer and a diffusion layer, the so-called electric double layer.
11. Directness: the performance of the dye leaving the dye liquor and dyeing the fiber. Generally, the dye uptake of the dye can be used at the dyeing equilibrium. Expressed as a percentage.
12. Equilibrium dyeing percentage: When dyeing reaches equilibrium under certain conditions, the amount of dye adsorbed on the fiber accounts for the input Percentage of total dye. Dye uptake percentage: the amount of dye adsorbed on the fiber as a percentage of the total input.
13. Equilibrium adsorption capacity: When dyeing is at equilibrium, the dye concentration on the fiber becomes the equilibrium adsorption capacity.
14. Dyeing saturation value: the maximum amount of dye that can be dyed on the fiber at a certain dyeing temperature.
15. Half-dying time: the time required to reach half of the equilibrium adsorption capacity, expressed as t1/2, indicating dyeing How quickly or slowly the equilibrium is reached.
16. Level dyeing: the uniformity of dye distribution on the surface of the fabric and inside the fiber.
17. Dye transfer: The dye in the more dyed parts is transferred to the less dyed parts through desorption. Improve leveling effect.
18. Affinity: the negative value of the difference between the standardized degree of the dye on the fiber and the standardized degree of the dye in the dye liquor.
19. Dyeing heat: An infinitesimal amount of dye is transferred from the dye solution containing the dye in a standard state to the dye containing the dye. The amount of heat absorbed per mole of dye transferred on a fiber in its standard state.
20. Dyeing entropy: An infinitesimal amount of dye is transferred from the standard state dye solution to the standard state fiber , the entropy change of the system caused by dye transfer per mole, unit kJ/(℃·mol).
21. Dyeing activation energy: To get close to the fiber surface, the dye molecules must have a certain amount of energy to overcome the electrostatic repulsion. The energy resistance produced is called dyeing activation energy.
22. Vat dyes: insoluble in water, must be reduced to soluble in alkaline solution by a strong reducing agent Water and the leuco sodium salt that has affinity for fibers dye the fiber. The dye red is then oxidized and restored to the original insoluble dye lake that is fixed on the fiber.
23. Leucobody dip dyeing: refers to the reduction of dye to leucobody in advance, which is adsorbed by fibers in the dye solution , and then oxidize and soap.
24. Suspension pad dyeing: the fabric is directly padded with a suspension solution made of vat dye, and then padded The reducing liquid is used to reduce the dye to a leuco body under conditions such as steaming, and is adsorbed and dyed by the fiber.
25. Dry vat reduction: dyes and auxiliaries are not added directly to the dye vat, but are first used in a smaller container with a thicker solution. The alkaline reducing solution is used to reduce the dye, and then the solution of the leucosodium salt is added to the dye bath.
26. Full bath reduction: A method in which the dye is reduced directly in the dye bath.
27. Leucobody potential: The potential at which the leucobody of the vat dye begins to be oxidized and precipitated, becoming a leucobody. Potential.
28. Half-reduction time; it is the time required for reduction to reach half of the equilibrium concentration.
29. Cohesive energy: the heat absorbed by the gasification and sublimation of 1 mol of a substance. Cohesive energy density, cohesive energy per molar volume.
30. Compatibility index K of cationic dyes: a comprehensive index that reflects the dye affinity and diffusion rate. It is divided into 5 groups. The closer the compatibility index is to 1, the higher the affinity of the dye to the fiber, and the faster the dyeing rate. The closer the compatibility index is to 5, the lower the affinity of the dye to the fiber, and the slower the dyeing rate.
31. Dyeing saturation concentration: energy is the amount of commercial dye required for a given fiber to achieve saturated adsorption, relative to fiber or fabricexpressed in terms of quality.
32. Saturation coefficient f: The ratio of the dyeing saturation value of the fiber to the dyeing saturation concentration of the dye, which is the ratio of cationic dyes Characteristic constants are related to the purity and molar mass of the dye and have nothing to do with fiber characteristics or types.
33. Dyeing saturation value of fiber: one of the important indicators to characterize and evaluate the dyeability of fiber is the fiber itself is a characteristic constant that can characterize the number of anionic dye seats that can accommodate cationic dyes per unit mass of fiber.
34. Direct printing: Printing pastes of various colors are directly printed on white or colored textile fabrics to form Method of printing patterns.
35. Resist dye printing: first print the color paste that can color textile dyes on the textile fabric, and then dye or Imprint other color pastes. The color paste in the first printing part can destroy and prevent the post-dyeing or post-printing dye from coloring the printed fibers, thereby forming patterns. This printing method is called resist printing.
36. Discharge printing: printing on fabrics that have been dyed or dyed but not fixed can damage the fabric. The structure of the dye dye may block the printing paste that has not yet been fixed by the fixing dye. After printing, it undergoes appropriate treatment such as steaming and washing. The dye in the printing part can develop color and form a white pattern. This printing method is called discharge printing.
37. Transfer printing: Pre-print the printing pattern on a specific paper to obtain the so-called transfer printing paper. Then the transfer printing paper is combined with the printed textile fabric, and by applying heat and force or pressure under a certain humidity, the pattern on the transfer printing paper is transferred to the textile fabric.
38. Printing paste: refers to the polymer compound added to the printing paste to have a thickening effect, that is, printing paste.
39. Rheology: the flow deformation characteristics of an object under the action of shear stress.
40. Pigment printing: particles of non-water-soluble substances with color or special visual effects are adhered with polymers A printing method in which the agent is attached to the surface of the fiber to form the desired pattern.
41. Tinting power: The ability of a pigment to impart color to the colored substrate with its own color.
42. Adsorption isotherm: When dyeing at a constant temperature reaches equilibrium, the dye concentration on the fiber and the dye in the dye liquor concentration distribution curve.
43. Dyeing rate curve: Dyeing is carried out under constant temperature conditions, and the dye concentration or dyeing rate on the fiber is The ordinate and dyeing time are plotted on the abscissa.
44. Pore diffusion model: There are many small pores in the swollen fiber. During dyeing, The fiber pores are filled with water, and the dye molecules diffuse into the fiber through these pores. During the diffusion, the dye molecules will continue to adsorb and desorb. The free dye and adsorbed dye in the pores are in a dynamic balance. Features: The rate is related to the molecular structure of the dye, the affinity of the dye to the fiber, and the fiber structure.
45. Free volume diffusion model: When polyester fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber and other synthetic fibers are dyed, dye molecules adsorb In the fiber macromolecule chain, when the temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature of the fiber, the macromolecule chain segments rotate, and the original tiny holes merge into larger holes. The dye molecules move along these changing holes. Diffusion “jumps” one by one. Features: Suitable for synthetic fibers. The diffusion rate is related to factors such as fiber crystallinity, microcrystal size and orientation: Accelerate diffusion path: Add a small amount of low molecular substances to reduce the glass transition temperature of the fiber.
46. Salt effect: Use the effect of salt to control the dyeing process of direct dyes. The mechanism of dyeing promotion is that the sodium ions in the neutral electrolyte combine with the negative charge of the fiber, which reduces the charge repulsion between the fiber and the dye, reduces the activation energy, and increases the dyeing rate.
47. Fixation rate: The total amount of dye covalently bound to the fiber as a percentage of the total amount of dye input.
48. Fixation mechanism: (1) Use fixatives and dyes to generate insoluble lakes (2) Use fixatives on dyes Film-forming properties (3) Utilize the reactive groups of the dye-fixing agent molecules for cross-linking (4) Utilize the molecular attraction between the dye-fixing agent and the fiber (5) Utilize the buffering capacity of the dye-fixing agent to improve the perspiration fastness of the dye.
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