Yarn (including filament) dyeing has a history of nearly a thousand years, and hank dyeing has been used for a long time. It was not until 1882 that the world’s first bobbin dyeing patent was issued, and later beam dyeing appeared.
一 ：Hank yarn dyeing
Convert short fiber yarn or filament yarn into a frame of hank yarn connected together on the spinning machine, and then dip-dye it in various forms of dyeing machines. The dyeing method is skein dyeing. Since there have been many monographs on skein dyeing in the past, I will not go into details in this book.
Two: Bobbin dyeing
Wrap short fiber yarn or filament on a bobbin full of holes (required to The winding density is appropriate and uniform, generally called “pine tube”), and then it is placed on the dyeing post (also called yarn bamboo, spindle rod, insert) of the yarn carrier (also called flat plate, hanging plate, creel, etc.) of the dyeing machine. Rod, etc.), put it into the package dyeing machine, and use the action of the main pump to make the dye liquid penetrate and circulate between the package yarns or fibers. The way to achieve dyeing is package dyeing.
Three: Warp beam dip dyeing
According to the requirements of the hue and quantity of the warp yarns of the colored fabric, the raw yarns are dyed on the loose warping machine. It is wound on a coiled tube with holes to form a loose warp beam (can be seen as a large bobbin), which is then installed on the yarn carrier of the dyeing machine and put into the warp beam dyeing machine. The method of making the dye solution penetrate and circulate between the warp beam yarns or fibers to achieve dip dyeing to obtain warp yarns with uniform color is called warp beam dyeing.
Four: Warp beam pad dyeing
Warp beam pad dyeing is mainly used in the production and processing of denim with colored warp and white weft. . It introduces a certain number of thin shafts into each dyeing tank, and after repeated multiple dipping, multiple padding, and multiple ventilation and oxidation, the dyeing of indigo (or vulcanization, reduction, direct, paint) dye is achieved. After pre-drying and then sizing, the warp beam yarn with uniform color can be obtained, which can be directly used for weaving. The dye tanks during warp beam pad dyeing can be multiple (sheet machines) or one (ring machine). This equipment used in combination with sizing is called a sheet dyeing machine.
Five: Yarn bundle pad dyeing (ball warp dyeing)
This is also a special dyeing method for denim warp yarns. The dyeing process First, 400 to 500 raw yarns are bundled into a ball shape, and then several bundles (such as 12 bundles, 18 bundles, 24 bundles, 36 bundles) of yarn are repeatedly dipped, rolled, ventilated and oxidized in multiple dyeing tanks. , after dyeing with indigo dye, it is then divided into warps and sizing. Acrylic tows can also be pad-dyed.
Six: Special yarn dyeing methods
Like fabrics, yarns also have local dyeing, such as knot dyeing, segment dyeing, Tie-dye, printing, discharge dyeing, gradient, etc.
1. According to the design requirements, a small section (such as 0.5~1cm) of color is printed on the spread yarn skein at a set distance. It can be the same color. But most of them are colorful. It must be noted that the spacing must be irregular and unequal, otherwise “turtle back” or “landscape painting” will appear on the canvas.
2. In segment dyeing, several dyes are dropped on different parts of the spread yarn at the same time. After vacuum suction or liquid padding, the dye is then fixed and washed. Compared with the printed sections, the color sections are longer, the spacing between the white yarns is smaller, and even two adjacent colors will appear “color matching” on the yarn. Space-dyed yarn is commonly used in knitted fabrics.
3. Tie-dyeing
Tie the part of the skein tightly with a rope (or wrap it with plastic film), and then dip-dye it. , As a result, the tightly tied areas are left blank, and there is partial color bleeding from dark to light in the tied areas. The untied areas are evenly colored, and the product has a unique charm.
4. Printing (warp printing) is generally used to produce warp printing woven fabrics. Patterns are printed on the warp yarns (not on the weft yarns), and the product style is hazy, looking like flowers but not flowers. When printing warp, you can first fake weave (knitting method is printing first and then warping, weaving method is warping-fake weaving-printing), or you can print directly on the warp yarn. For example, synthetic fiber warp yarn can be printed on a transfer printing machine.
5. Gradient dyeing (colorful silk) immerses different parts of the skein (silk) in the dye solution for different times, so that each frame of yarn appears from light to dark without obvious boundaries. Gradient colors, such as traditional Chinese embroidery seven-color silk thread. In addition, there are half-side dyeing, spray-point dyeing, single yarn continuous dip dyeing, etc. </p
